The available database comprises research projects in Fisheries, Aquaculture, Seafood Processing and Marine Biotechnology active in the time period 2003-2022.
BlueBio is an ERA-NET COFUND created to directly identify new and improve existing ways of bringing bio-based products and services to the market and find new ways of creating value from in the blue bioeconomy.

More information on the BlueBio project and participating funding organizations is available on the BlueBio website: www.bluebioeconomy.eu

Last Update: 2024/06/19

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Aquaculture
Kartlegging av multifaktorelle årsaker til PD og GD hos oppdrettslaks på Vestlandet, og mulig vertikal spredning av utvalgte patogener - Mapping of multifactorial causes of PD and GD in farmed salmon in Western Norway, and possible vertical spread of selected pathogens.
National Programme
National
Jesper Okland
jeok@leroy.no
NA
NA
2013
2018
€ 745,196
https://prosjektbanken.forskningsradet.no/en/project/FORISS/227602?Kilde=FORISS&distribution=Ar&chart=bar&calcType=funding&Sprak=no&sortBy=date&sortOrder=desc&resultCount=30&offset=390&ProgAkt.3=NAERINGSPH-N%C3%A6rings-phd
The fish farming industry in Norway has met increasing challenges in diseases causing inflammation in various tissues such as gills, heart and skeletal muscles. These diseases have been named Proliferative gill inflammation (PGI) or Proliferative gill disease (PGD), Pancreas disease (PD) or Salmonid alphavirus disease (SAV), Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) and cardio myopathy syndrome (CMS). It is believed that viruses may be responsible for, HSMI and some cases of PGI/PGD. All this diseases can be related to known virus (PMCV, PRV, ASPV, SGPV), bacteria (Ca. Piscichlamydia salmonis, Ca. Branchiomonas cysticola) and parasites (Ichthyobodo necator, I. salmonis, Paranucleospora theridion, Neoparamoeba perurans). But the diseases observed in the field are often very different from what one might observe in controlled challenge studies with individual agents. This project will mainly focus on diseases PD and PGI, i.e. two of the predominant diseases in western part of Norway, and the possible vertical transmission of ISAV, SAV, PRV, IPNV and Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Pancreas disease was first observed in Norway in 1989 and is associated with the virus Norwegian Alpha virus (NSAV or SAV 3). Outbreaks of disease may occur both after 1 and 2 years at sea, but recorded usually 5-7 months after release. Until the fall of 2003, outbreaks mainly related to areas of Hordaland and Sogn & Fjordane. In recent years, outbreaks along the Norwegian coast with most cases appearing in the area from Rogaland to Tronderlag. There are few cases detected in Northern Norway, Torms and Finnmark. There are speculation that the disease can be introduced by smolts infected in hatcheries and then transported northward by well boat. An interesting aspect of PD is that it seems to be a big difference between observed mortality in the lab and in the field. Under controlled infection experiments, the mortality rate associated with PD is absent or low, and the fish are mobilizing their immune systems relatively quickly. In fish farms however there are often a significant mortality, which may be explained by the presence of stressors as fluctuations in temperature, oxygen, current, density, and especially the presence of other pathogens. There are indications that Paranucleospora Theridon (PT), in some cases, may play an important role in triggering PD given that the fish are infected with SAV. One possible reason may be that the PT, by weakening the immune system, helping to reduce the individual's ability to resist other infectious agents. The result will then be that natural PT infections can both trigger, not to mention amplify outbreaks caused by SAV in salmon. Gill disease (GD) A variety of agents are associated with gill disease (GD) in salmons; Ichthyobodo spp, Parvicapsula pseudobranchicola, Neoparamoeba peruranse, Paranucleospora, Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus - ASPV, Salmon gillpox virus - SGPV, Ca. Piscichlamydia salmonis and Ca. Branchiomonas cysticola. Each of these could cause histopathological changes, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, inflammation and necrosis in the gills. Which of these is most important for gill problems in salmon on the west coast is not fully mapped, and in addition, the importance of other interacting factors (algae, jellyfish, temperature fluctuations, other pathogens, etc.). Gill Problems with salmon in seawater is mainly a problem for production in western and central Norway, but pathogens Ichthyobodo spp, P. pseudobranchicola, SGP virus, Ca. P. salmonis and Ca. B. cysticola is common along the Norwegian coast. In salmon on the west coast the causal relationship for gill problems are very uncertain. ASP viruses do not cause disease in challenge experiments. Pathogens that show a clear link between disease and presence are P. theridion and N. perurans. Both are related to high temperatures and is mainly a problem in the period from summer to early winter on the west coast while Ichthyobodo salmonis can be a problem shortly after launch to sea water. The project assumes that several of the aforementioned gill pathogen may contribute to major losses farmers experience in Western Norway. Virulence will always be dependent on the characteristics of both the pathogen and the host, in addition to external stress factors, could be of great importance for the outcome of an infection. External factors can be environmental stress related to fluctuations in oxygen and temperature, algal blooms, predators, flushing of nets etc. but may also be a result of the presence of other pathogens such as fungi, bacteria and parasites. Broodstock - Offspring All pathogens transmitted horizontally, either directly from host to host or via vectors or intermediate hosts, but some pathogens can also be transmitted from parents to offspring (defined as vertical transmission). Vertical transmission can occur when the pathogen is inside the egg (or eggshell) or when transmitted to offspring via the egg liquid, the outside of the egg or it enters the egg at fertilization. Some salmon pathogen are all shown to be transmitted vertically, e.g. infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISA virus), salmonid alphavirus (SAV), Flavobacterium psychrophilum, and there is clear circumstantial evidence of piscine reovirus (PRV) and infectious pancreatic nekrosevirus (IPNV) can also be transmitted from parents to offspring. Main objective: Investigate the spread and outbreaks of viral diseases, focusing on pancreatic disease, and gill diseases with a focus on theridion P. and N. peruran, in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Goals: (1) mapping the occurrence of famous gill pathogen (P. theridion, Ichthyobodo salmonis, N. peruran, Ca. P. salmonis and Ca. B. cysticola) in Atlantic salmon gill disease in sea farms at selected locations on the west coast; (2) Clarify factors (stress and pathogens) associated with PD in populations of SAV-infected salmon; (3) Mapping the occurrence ISAV, SAV, PRV, IPNV, PMCV and F. psychrophilum with brood as "stripped" and descendants of broodstock; (4) Develop proposals for changes / adjustments in production of Atlantic salmon with access point results from targets 1 to 3.
Disease; Salmon; Cage aquaculture; Fish; Fish health; Open sea aquaculture;
Norwegian Sea (27.IIa)
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